{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Book", "name": "The NACE Handbook", "alternativeHeadline": "What NACE is, who governs it, and how to read every European activity code — in plain language.", "bookEdition": "First edition · Based on NACE Rev. 2.1 (2025)", "bookFormat": "https://schema.org/EBook", "inLanguage": "en", "isAccessibleForFree": true, "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "TΣKSOMΛ Technologies", "url": "https://tech.teksoma.com" }, "citation": { "@type": "Book", "name": "NACE Rev. 2.1 — Statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community", "author": "Eurostat", "publisher": "Publications Office of the European Union", "isbn": "978-92-68-19443-4", "identifier": "KS-GQ-24-007-EN-N", "sameAs": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/ks-gq-24-007" }, "downloads": { "pdf": "https://nacebridge.eu/handbook.pdf", "epub": "https://nacebridge.eu/handbook.epub", "official_source_pdf": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/19340115/KS-GQ-24-007-EN-N.pdf" }, "machine_endpoints": { "manifest": "https://nacebridge.eu/handbook.json", "chapter_markdown": "https://nacebridge.eu/handbook/chapters/{slug}/md", "chapter_json": "https://nacebridge.eu/handbook/chapters/{slug}/json", "attribution": "https://nacebridge.eu/attribution.json", "revisions": "https://nacebridge.eu/revisions.json", "openapi": "https://nacebridge.eu/openapi.json", "mcp": "https://nacebridge.eu/mcp" }, "chapters": [ { "slug": "what-is-nace", "number": 1, "title": "What is NACE?", "subtitle": "A common vocabulary for describing what a business does.", "description": "NACE is the European Union's shared classification of economic activities. 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It is created by Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006, maintained by Eurostat, and implemented country by country by the national statistical institutes.", "reading_minutes": 4, "source_pages": "§1.2 Legal basis; §1.3 International context, pp. 13–17", "translation_status": "source", "html_url": "https://nacebridge.eu/handbook/who-governs-nace", "markdown_url": "https://nacebridge.eu/handbook/chapters/who-governs-nace/md", "json_url": "https://nacebridge.eu/handbook/chapters/who-governs-nace/json", "section_headings": [ "The legal basis", "Eurostat and the national statistical institutes", "International alignment" ] }, { "slug": "why-nace-exists", "number": 3, "title": "Why NACE exists", "subtitle": "Comparability, business registers, tax administration, research.", "description": "Without a shared classification, cross-border economic statistics collapse to guesswork. NACE exists to make comparability possible — and along the way it has become infrastructure for tax, credit and market research.", "reading_minutes": 5, "source_pages": "§1.1 Purpose; §1.4 Uses of NACE, pp. 11–13, 17–18", "translation_status": "source", "html_url": "https://nacebridge.eu/handbook/why-nace-exists", "markdown_url": "https://nacebridge.eu/handbook/chapters/why-nace-exists/md", "json_url": "https://nacebridge.eu/handbook/chapters/why-nace-exists/json", "section_headings": [ "The comparability problem", "Business registers and administrative use", "Private-sector use" ] }, { "slug": "how-nace-is-structured", "number": 4, "title": "How NACE is structured", "subtitle": "Section → Division → Group → Class, and the fifth national digit.", "description": "NACE has four hierarchical levels: 21 Sections (letters A–U), 88 Divisions (2 digits), 272 Groups (3 digits) and 658 Classes (4 digits). Countries then extend it with an optional fifth digit.", "reading_minutes": 6, "source_pages": "§2 Structure, pp. 19–34", "translation_status": "source", "html_url": "https://nacebridge.eu/handbook/how-nace-is-structured", "markdown_url": "https://nacebridge.eu/handbook/chapters/how-nace-is-structured/md", "json_url": "https://nacebridge.eu/handbook/chapters/how-nace-is-structured/json", "section_headings": [ "Four hierarchical levels", "Anatomy of a code", "The fifth national digit", "Explanatory notes" ] }, { "slug": "revisions-and-rev-2-1", "number": 5, "title": "Revisions and the jump to Rev. 2.1", "subtitle": "How NACE changes over time, and what moved between Rev. 2 and Rev. 2.1.", "description": "NACE is revised roughly once a decade. Rev. 2.1 is the 2023 amendment that adopts new digital, environmental and platform-economy activities. This chapter explains what changed and how to bridge historic data.", "reading_minutes": 5, "source_pages": "§1.5 Revision policy; Annex — Rev. 2 ↔ Rev. 2.1 correspondence, pp. 15, 380+", "translation_status": "source", "html_url": "https://nacebridge.eu/handbook/revisions-and-rev-2-1", "markdown_url": "https://nacebridge.eu/handbook/chapters/revisions-and-rev-2-1/md", "json_url": "https://nacebridge.eu/handbook/chapters/revisions-and-rev-2-1/json", "section_headings": [ "Why revisions happen", "NACE 2025 update: what's changing in Rev. 2.1", "What changed in Rev. 2.1", "Bridging historic data" ] }, { "slug": "national-variants", "number": 6, "title": "National variants", "subtitle": "NAF, WZ, CAE, SBI, ATECO, SKD — and how they all relate to NACE.", "description": "Every member state builds its own national activity classification on top of NACE. This chapter is a field guide to the largest national systems and the rules that keep them compatible with the EU backbone.", "reading_minutes": 6, "source_pages": "§1.3 International context; national implementation notes, pp. 15–18", "translation_status": "source", "html_url": "https://nacebridge.eu/handbook/national-variants", "markdown_url": "https://nacebridge.eu/handbook/chapters/national-variants/md", "json_url": "https://nacebridge.eu/handbook/chapters/national-variants/json", "section_headings": [ "The compatibility contract", "A field guide to the largest systems", "Reading them together" ] }, { "slug": "reading-and-assigning-codes", "number": 7, "title": "Reading and assigning a code", "subtitle": "The principal-activity rule, top-down decision-making, common pitfalls.", "description": "Which class a business gets is not always obvious. 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This is the version most existing systems still run on.", "changes": [ "Complete restructuring — 21 sections, 88 divisions, 272 groups, 615 classes.", "Adopted ISIC Rev. 4 as the international reference.", "New sections for information, professional and administrative services.", "Break in time series: every historic point needs a Rev. 1.1↔Rev. 2 bridge." ] }, { "id": "rev-2-1", "code": "Rev. 2.1", "year": 2025, "title": "Digital and green economy update", "summary": "Amending Regulation adopted in 2023, applied from reference year 2025. 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